Arrests and deportations
The intense police operations in the province bring to a high number of arrests for political and racial reasons.
During this phase there are frequent arrests of individuals or of small groups, often due to delations. An active “Office for Jewish affairs” is present in the city. The Office - in collaboration with the police headquarters and the prefecture – is in charge of the arrests and of confiscating property.
Florence, as other Italian cities, goes through two phases of the Jewish deportation: in November the German divisions carry out vast roundup operations whereas, after the Italian Social Republic decree issued on 30th November 1943, arrests fall under the competence of the Italian authorities.
Report by the police head Manna on the strikes in March 1944
From the memoires of Elio Bartolozzi, arrested in spring 1944 and deported to Mauthausen
The police headquarters in Florence demand the implementation of the ordinance n. 5 regarding the arrest and internment of Jews, 29th December 1943 (ASFI)
List of Jews arrested by the Republican National Guard, spring 1944
Ordinance of the Florentine Prefecture regarding the requisition of the Jews’ goods, 15th January 1944 (ISRT)
Note thrown from the train to Mauthausen by Severino Faggi to his daughter Isora. Faggi was deported from Prato on 8th March 1944 and died in Ebensee on 24th May 1944(Archivio Museo della deportazione di Prato)
Identification card issued to Max Boris after the liberation of the Mauthausen camp (ISRT)
List of Jews detained in the Murate prison, deported by the German command on 20th January 1944 (ASFI)
The strikes of March 1944, which see a wide participation in the province of Florence, are followed by detentions and deportations on a large scale. In other phases individuals or small groups are arrested for political reasons.
Especially the department of the German security service and the Special service division led by major Mario Carità undertake a considerable repressive activity resorting to torture, delations and random detentions.
The people arrested for racial reasons are usually sent to Auschwitz, whereas most of the ones arrested for political reasons – if not killed or released – are deported to Mauthausen.
| Jews deported from Tuscany | 675 |
|---|---|
| Jews arrested in Florence | 311 |
| October 1943 | 5 |
| November 1943 * | 73 |
| December 1943 | 41 |
| January 1944 | 23 |
| February 1944 | 38 |
| March 1944 | 36 |
| April 1944 | 13 |
| May 1944 | 24 |
| June 1944 | 2 |
| date not identified | 56 |
* plus several foreign jews not identified
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